Since the inception of America, African Americans have faced a long and tumultuous journey in the land of the free. From slavery to segregation, discrimination to police brutality, the history of African Americans in America is a complex and multifaceted story of struggle and triumph. Despite facing systemic oppression, African Americans have made significant contributions to American culture, politics, and society. Through the Civil Rights Movement and beyond, African Americans have fought tirelessly for their rights and equality, and continue to do so today. This article will explore the history of African Americans in America and the ongoing struggle for justice and equality.

Slavery was a pervasive part of the American experience, with African Americans forming the majority of the enslaved population. African Americans endured centuries of oppression, including brutal physical abuse, economic exploitation, and social degradation. During the Civil War, many African Americans escaped slavery and fled to Union lines, though they still faced racism and legal inequality under the Jim Crow laws of the late 19th century.

A Tale of Two Americas: The Journey of African Americans in America

America has been a land of opportunities and dreams for many people, but not everyone has had the chance to experience the same level of freedom and equality. African Americans have been an integral part of America’s history, contributing to its culture, heritage, and economy. However, their journey has been marked by struggles, discrimination, and injustices. From the time of slavery to the civil rights movement, African Americans have fought for their rights and dignity in America. This article explores the journey of African Americans in America, their struggles, achievements, and the challenges that they still face in the present-day.

African Americans Shaping America: Past, Present, and Future

For centuries, African Americans have been an integral part of shaping America’s history, culture, and identity. From the horrors of slavery to the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans have fought tirelessly for their rights and freedoms, contributing to the fabric of America’s society. Today, African Americans continue to face challenges and discrimination, but also make significant contributions to various fields such as politics, entertainment, and sports. This topic explores the past, present, and future of African Americans in America, highlighting their resilience, achievements, and ongoing struggles for equality and justice.

African Americans in America: A History of Struggle and Triumphs in the Land of the Free

The history of African Americans in America is a complex and often painful tale of struggle and triumph. From the horrors of slavery to the civil rights movement, African Americans have faced countless obstacles in their quest for equality and justice. Despite these challenges, they have also made significant contributions to American society in fields ranging from literature and music to politics and sports. This article will explore the complex relationship between African Americans and America, highlighting both the challenges they have faced and the victories they have won.

A Historical and Cultural Perspective

African Americans have played a significant role in shaping America’s history and culture. From the days of slavery to the civil rights movement and beyond, African Americans have contributed to the growth and development of the nation in countless ways. This article explores the impact of African Americans on America from a historical and cultural perspective. We will delve into the struggles and triumphs of African Americans throughout the years, examining how they have influenced the nation’s politics, music, art, literature, and more. By exploring the intersection of African American history and American culture, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complex and vibrant tapestry that makes up this great nation.

The Evolution of African Americans in America: A Journey Through the Country’s Complex History

African Americans have played a significant role in shaping the history of America, a country that has been built on the foundations of diversity, freedom, and democracy. The history of African Americans in America is a complex one, marked by centuries of slavery, segregation, and discrimination. Despite the challenges they have faced, African Americans have made tremendous contributions to the country’s culture, politics, and economy. This article aims to provide an overview of the evolution of African Americans in America, from their arrival as slaves to their fight for civil rights and beyond. Through examining their struggles and successes, we can gain a deeper understanding of the country’s history and the ongoing quest for equality and justice.

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Entertainment has always been an essential part of human culture, providing a form of escapism from the struggles of daily life. African Americans have played a significant role in shaping the entertainment industry, from traditional African music to Broadway productions. The history of African American entertainment is rich and diverse, spanning centuries of cultural and social evolution. In this article, we will explore the history of African American entertainment, from ancient times to the present day, and highlight the significant contributions made by Black entertainers in shaping the industry.

In this article, we will cover the following topics:

1. Ancient African Entertainment
2. Slavery and the Birth of African American Entertainment
3. The Harlem Renaissance
4. The Golden Age of Hollywood
5. The Civil Rights Movement and Entertainment
6. Hip Hop and Pop Culture
7. Sports and Gambling
8. Present Day Entertainment

Each of these topics will provide insight into the significant contributions made by African Americans in shaping the entertainment industry, as well as the challenges and obstacles faced along the way. So, let’s take a journey through time and explore the rich history of African American entertainment.

Ancient African Entertainment

The history of African American entertainment is rooted in the traditions and practices of ancient African civilizations. Music and dance were an essential part of these cultures, and they continue to influence modern-day entertainment.

Drumming was a central feature of African music and played an important role in ceremonies, festivals, and social gatherings. The rhythms and beats of the drums were used to communicate messages and evoke emotions. African dance was also an essential part of these cultures, with different dances representing different themes and ideas.

Traditional African storytelling was another form of entertainment that has had a significant impact on African American culture. Griots, or storytellers, would pass down stories from generation to generation, preserving the history and traditions of their people.

These ancient African entertainment practices laid the foundation for the development of African American entertainment, as they were carried over through the slave trade and into the New World.

Slavery and the Birth of African American Entertainment

The transatlantic slave trade brought millions of Africans to the New World, where they were stripped of their culture and forced to adopt the traditions of their captors. Despite this oppression, African slaves in America found ways to preserve their cultural heritage and develop new forms of entertainment.

Music and dance were still central to African American culture, and slaves would gather in secret to sing and dance together. These gatherings became known as “ring shouts,” where participants would form a circle and move counterclockwise while singing and clapping. These ring shouts evolved into the spirituals that are still sung in African American churches today.

During the Reconstruction Era, African Americans began to perform for white audiences in minstrel shows. These shows featured white performers in blackface, perpetuating negative stereotypes of African Americans. However, African American performers began to take the stage as well, and their talents eventually led to the development of Vaudeville, a popular form of entertainment that included music, comedy, and dance acts.

Despite the challenges of slavery and racism, African Americans were able to develop their own unique forms of entertainment, which would pave the way for future generations of Black entertainers.

The Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that took place in the 1920s and 1930s, centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. This movement saw a flourishing of African American arts, literature, and music, and it had a significant impact on American culture as a whole.

During the Harlem Renaissance, African American entertainers began to gain national recognition, with performers like Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith, and Louis Armstrong becoming household names. The Cotton Club, a popular nightclub in Harlem, became a hub for Black entertainers and saw the rise of legendary performers like Cab Calloway and Billie Holiday.

In addition to music, the Harlem Renaissance also saw a surge in African American literature and theater. Authors like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and W.E.B. Du Bois became prominent figures in the literary world, while playwrights like Lorraine Hansberry and August Wilson would go on to produce groundbreaking works that explored the Black experience in America.

The Harlem Renaissance was a crucial moment in the history of African American entertainment, as it allowed Black artists to showcase their talents and break down barriers in the entertainment industry.

The Golden Age of Hollywood

The Golden Age of Hollywood saw the rise of African American entertainers in mainstream cinema. While racism and discrimination were still pervasive in Hollywood, some Black performers were able to break through and achieve success in the industry.

Actors like Sidney Poitier, Harry Belafonte, and Dorothy Dandridge became trailblazers, paving the way for future generations of Black actors. Poitier, in particular, broke down barriers by becoming the first African American to win an Academy Award for Best Actor.

The music industry also saw the rise of Black artists during the Golden Age of Hollywood, with performers like Nat King Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, and Sammy Davis Jr. achieving mainstream success. However, these performers often had to navigate racism and segregation, with some venues refusing to book Black entertainers or segregating audiences based on race.

Despite these challenges, African American entertainers continued to make strides in the entertainment industry during the Golden Age of Hollywood, paving the way for even greater representation in the future.

The Civil Rights Movement and Entertainment

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s had a significant impact on African American entertainment. With the rise of the movement, Black artists began to use their platforms to advocate for social change and address issues of racism and inequality.

Musicians like Nina Simone, Sam Cooke, and Marvin Gaye used their music to address the injustices facing the Black community, with songs like “Mississippi Goddam,” “A Change Is Gonna Come,” and “What’s Going On” becoming anthems for the Civil Rights Movement.

In addition to music, Black actors also began to use their platform to address issues of racism and inequality. Sidney Poitier, for example, starred in films like “Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner” and “In the Heat of the Night,” which addressed issues of interracial marriage and police brutality, respectively.

The Civil Rights Movement also paved the way for greater representation in the entertainment industry, with more opportunities opening up for Black actors, directors, and producers. This led to the rise of Blaxploitation films in the 1970s, which featured predominantly Black casts and addressed issues facing the Black community.

The Civil Rights Movement had a profound impact on African American entertainment, allowing Black artists to use their platform to advocate for social change and address issues of racism and inequality.

Hip Hop and Pop Culture

Hip hop emerged as a cultural movement in the African American community in the Bronx, New York in the 1970s. It quickly became a global phenomenon and had a significant impact on pop culture.

Hip hop music and fashion became a way for African Americans to express their cultural identity and reclaim their heritage. Artists like Grandmaster Flash, Run-DMC, and Public Enemy became pioneers of the genre, using their music to address issues facing the Black community.

As hip hop gained popularity, it also began to influence mainstream culture. Fashion trends like baggy clothes, sneakers, and gold chains became popular, and hip hop music began to cross over into pop radio.

In the 1990s, hip hop continued to dominate pop culture, with artists like Tupac, Notorious B.I.G., and Jay-Z becoming household names. Hip hop also influenced other genres of music, including R&B and pop, with artists like Beyonce, Rihanna, and Justin Timberlake incorporating hip hop beats and aesthetics into their music.

Hip hop has had a profound impact on pop culture, allowing African Americans to express their cultural identity and reclaim their heritage while also influencing mainstream culture. Today, hip hop continues to be a dominant force in music and entertainment, with Black artists paving the way for future generations.

Sports and Gambling

Sports have always been a source of entertainment for African Americans, both as spectators and participants. From basketball to football to track and field, Black athletes have made a significant impact in the world of sports. Fire Joker demo is one of the most popular slots in America today. We recommend to play this game.

However, with the rise of sports also came the rise of sports gambling. Sports gambling has a long history in the United States, dating back to the 1800s. It wasn’t until the 1940s and 1950s, however, that sports gambling became a significant industry, with bookies taking bets on everything from football to horse racing.

While sports gambling has had a long and complicated history, it has also provided a source of entertainment for many African Americans. In the 1960s and 1970s, sports gambling became a popular activity in the Black community, with many turning to it as a way to make extra money.

Today, sports gambling is a multi-billion dollar industry, with many states legalizing it in recent years. While it can be a fun and entertaining pastime, it’s important to remember that gambling can also be addictive and have negative consequences.

It’s important to approach sports gambling responsibly and know your limits. While it can be an exciting way to engage with sports and entertainment, it’s important to prioritize your financial well-being and make sure that you’re not putting yourself at risk.

Present Day Entertainment

Entertainment for African Americans today is vast and varied, with a plethora of options available across various mediums. From music and movies to television and social media, Black culture continues to have a significant impact on entertainment.

In music, Black artists continue to dominate the charts, with genres like hip hop, R&B, and gospel remaining popular among African American audiences. Many Black artists have used their platform to address social issues and promote positive messages, including artists like Kendrick Lamar and J. Cole.

In television and film, representation of African Americans has improved in recent years, with shows like Black-ish, Insecure, and Atlanta receiving critical acclaim. Black actors and directors are also gaining more recognition in Hollywood, with films like Moonlight and Black Panther receiving multiple awards and breaking box office records.

Social media has also had a significant impact on entertainment for African Americans, with platforms like Twitter and Instagram allowing Black voices to be heard and shared across the world. Social media influencers like B. Simone and King Bach have gained massive followings, providing a source of entertainment and inspiration for many.

Overall, entertainment for African Americans today is diverse and dynamic, with representation and inclusion being a top priority. As technology continues to evolve, it’s exciting to see how Black culture will continue to shape and influence the entertainment industry.

Conclusion

Throughout history, African Americans have made significant contributions to the world of entertainment. From ancient drumming rituals to the birth of jazz, from the Harlem Renaissance to the civil rights movement, and from sports to social media, entertainment has been a way for African Americans to express themselves, tell their stories, and bring joy to their communities.

While there have been challenges and obstacles along the way, African Americans have continued to push the boundaries of what is possible in the world of entertainment, breaking down barriers and inspiring future generations.

It’s important to recognize the rich history of African American entertainment and to celebrate the diversity and inclusivity that exists today. By continuing to support and uplift Black artists and creators, we can ensure that the legacy of African American entertainment will continue for generations to come.

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It is the problem of police violence that has been the cause of the riots of the last few years. In 2001 in Cincinnati, authorities were forced to declare a curfew – riots began when a black 19-year-old delinquent, Timothy Jones, was shot and killed by white police officers. Sixty people were injured in the riots.

From August to December 2014, there were riots in various U.S. cities because of events in Ferguson, Missouri. The cause was similar: police officers killed 18-year-old Marcus Brown while trying to arrest him.

In 2016, the National Guard had to be introduced in North Carolina, after police killed black man Keith Scott. He allegedly got out of a car with a gun in his hands, his relatives insisted it was a book.

On May 25, 2020, in Minneapolis, police officer Derek Chauvin choked George Floyd with his foot for nearly nine minutes. He died. The previously convicted Floyd was suspected of trying to pay at a store with a counterfeit bill. Demonstrations and riots over this continue even now. They have reached far beyond the borders of the United States.

The protests enjoy unprecedented support in the United States and in the rest of the world. In several American cities, police officers got down on one knee to show their solidarity with the protesters. At the same time, all of the rallies were attended by members of different ethnic communities.

The Black Lives Matter hashtag was supported by politicians, showbiz stars and representatives of big sports. English Premier League footballers play with this hashtag on their backs instead of their names. All in all, the killing of George Floyd has taken the equality debate to a whole new level, it has become a major political challenge for today’s youth-all for the first time.

American liberals fully supported the protests because, for them, it is also a speech against Donald Trump

But what is certain is that the presidency of Barack Obama did not go away for black people, a lot of people were proud of him. And after Obama came Trump, who makes no secret of his racial prejudices and stereotypes. The contrast is serious.

The hatred of the liberal-progressive white Americans I know for Trump is unbounded, it is off the charts. Their reaction to any problem is: Let’s get rid of Trump first, and then we’ll figure out how to solve it.

People with these beliefs have supported the Black Lives Matter movement by leaps and bounds. And overall, it is the largest involvement of the white educated population in the struggle for black rights. Combined with the scale of the Black Lives Matter movement itself, this is a powerful synergy.

The masses of people of all beliefs, the middle class, are hoping that this movement will help bring down Trump. As an analyst of contemporary American politics, I don’t think so, but I also understand why they believe so strongly in it: events on this scale simply haven’t happened.

Any big popular movement is joined by dashing people. Ghetto people, urban gangs, not just housewives and students go to protest. They compensate for their anger by looting white neighborhoods. After all, looting is immediate compensation for their rage. An educated person, wanting to protest, writes an angry blog or goes to a demonstration; an uneducated person takes a rock.

We can say that the polarization of society is intensifying. Two camps have formed that cannot hear each other, a split is going on among acquaintances and their families.

There will be a culture war raging, a movement has already begun and will continue that says: our ancestors were racists and now we repent. There will be attempts to give blacks new preferences in education and culture.

But this is in the short run, and in the long run: social inequality in America is at its highest point since the beginning of the twentieth century. Added to this is the crisis: just as the economy began to recover from a long recession, the coronavirus has set it back. There is every likelihood that black rights activism will turn into a protest by the poor against the super-rich.

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In 1619, the first black slaves were brought to what is now the United States. Over the next 50 years, they supplanted the white indentured servants who left a very short trace in history. There were plenty of reasons for this: Africans were cheaper for slave owners, they could be exploited for life, not until the end of the contract. In addition, no one cared about people with dark skin, while the Native American Indians were always sided with their tribes, and the white servants were sided with other Europeans with a higher position in society.

The black slaves imported into the Americas were mostly inhabitants of the west coast of Africa, with a much smaller proportion belonging to the tribes of Central and Southern parts of the continent, as well as of North Africa and the island of Madagascar. Among them were the Fulbe, Wolof, Yoruba, Ibo, Ashanti, Fanti, Hausa, Dahomey, and Bantu tribesmen. In essence, it didn’t matter what tribe the African belonged to; there, in the filthy, cramped barracks of the factories, they were all equal, waiting humbly for the slave ships to arrive.

The ships crossed the ocean in three or four months. All this time the slaves were in terrible conditions: they were shackled with weighted shackles, the holds were very crowded, unsanitary conditions prevailed, and they had to go to the toilet in the hold. Water and food were in short supply.

“Horror, what is going on on these ships, – said one of the contemporaries, himself experienced such a trip, – stench, fumes, vomiting, various stages of seasickness, fever, dysentery, fever, boils, scurvy. Many die horrible deaths.”

Young girls were often raped by the captain and crew. A large number of fights broke out between the men as they tried to get on the floor to lie down comfortably. Then the overseer’s whip was used and all fighting stopped. Slaves also had their nails trimmed short so they could not tear each other’s skin.

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Since the mid-1950s, the struggle for equal rights between whites and blacks has been a mass phenomenon. In 1955, Rosa Parks, 42, in Montgomery, Alabama, refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger and was attacked. After that, the black population boycotted all city transportation for a year. And Parks became one of the symbols of the struggle for equality.

The postwar generation of Americans wanted many more freedoms. It invented and borrowed peaceful protests, in which tens and hundreds of thousands of people participated. Equality was one of their main themes.

The human rights activist and preacher Martin Luther King organized several such non-violent actions – and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for it.

In 1962, there were mass riots in Mississippi – black resident James Meredith tried several times to enroll at the local university, but he was rejected. His case was heard by the U.S. Supreme Court – and decided to enroll him. The state authorities refused to comply with this decision, and the ensuing unrest led to the state declaring martial law and introducing the National Guard. In 2006, a monument to James Meredith appeared at the university.

In 1965, riots broke out in the Los Angeles suburb of Watts after police arrested the entire family of a young man suspected of driving while intoxicated. The riots lasted a week, 34 people were killed and more than a thousand were injured.

In 1967, a similar story happened in Detroit, mass riots lasted five days, 43 people were killed, police arrested 7,200 people.

On April 4, 1968, the American human rights activist and preacher Martin Luther King – the main fighter for the rights of blacks in those years – was shot dead in Memphis. Protests and acts of defiance took place all over the country.

Thanks to the 1960s movement, the first generation of black politicians emerged in the United States. Segregation was officially ended, but inequality, including economic inequality, persisted.

For a hundred years after the formal abolition of slavery, oppression existed in equally heinous and atrocious forms.

Why did it explode in the 1960s? Several serious reasons at once. Rosa Parks was being poisoned by dogs, and this particularly angered Jewish youth and rabbis – too direct an association with Nazism and concentration camps. Thus the equality movement gained new supporters.

And in general, the demand for change in society increased dramatically.

Southern newspapers were controlled by corrupt politicians who no one wanted to mess with. They were elected almost for life, dominated the House Finance Committee for years. But television came along – and made America more open.

Americans began to borrow and adopt forms of non-violent protest – not everyone was ready to clash with armed police.

Finally, the Cold War factor kicked in. Americans positioned themselves as leaders of the free world, and they were uncomfortable with such atavism as segregation at home. And politicians – first John F. Kennedy and then his successor Lyndon Johnson – took a strong stand, despite Southern opposition.

The hatred of Kennedy in the South was enormous – he was killed there, in Texas. But Johnson continued his cause, and in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed, ending segregation.

Of course, black people could breathe easier, they were no longer treated as second-class citizens. But they did not get much economically either. Poverty alleviation programs began. Everyone who was unemployed received welfare, the welfare rollover, and it turned out to be a very insidious thing.

Already in the early 1970s, sociologists, conservative sociologists, so to speak, began to cite studies that the welfare check led to the degradation of society. People were artificially financially boosted, they were not motivated to work.

There was an education preference law: black children were sent to white schools. Only parents in Boston, for example, almost revolted over this.

These were extremely difficult and traumatic steps forward – I guess you could see it that way now. It lasted from the 1970s to the present day.

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Upon arrival in America, slaves were fed and treated to make them “marketable” and then put on the market. Slave prices depended on market conditions. For example, in 1795 an African imported was worth $300, by 1849 it was $900, and on the eve of the Civil War it was $1,500 to $2,000.

Slaves were imported mainly for the tobacco and cotton plantations of the southern states. Africans were thrown out to work in batches and toiled for up to 18 to 19 hours a day, driven by the scourge of the overseer. Slaves were locked up at night and dogs were let loose in the area so that the men had no temptation or opportunity to escape.

But it was impossible to keep the especially brave ones away – the number of runaway slaves was growing, so in 1850, a law was passed that not only allowed, but also forced the search for runaway slaves all over the continent, even in places where slavery had already been abolished. For a slave to be recognized as a fugitive, all that was needed was for any white European to declare and certify under oath that the African was an escaped slave.

The average life expectancy of a slave under such conditions was only seven or ten years. The few who were servants, cooks and nannies fared a little better.

Slaves had no rights or freedoms and were considered the property of the owner: as much property as a horse in a stable or an outbuilding to a house. The owner could do whatever he wanted with them, which was not punishable by law in any way; in fact, it was even encouraged. Slaves were forbidden to learn to write, read, or in any way exhibit their mental faculties, and they were not allowed to walk in groups of more than seven without a white escort. In Virginia, if someone was caught after 9 p.m. in the street, they were immediately sentenced to be drawn and quartered. A slave who escaped and was caught had his ears cut off and his children’s hands and feet cut off for work not done. The slave owner could kill his slave if he wished.

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During the XVIII century there were at least 150 slave revolts. Almost every plantation had its own storehouse of weapons and maintained security detachments in case of danger. One of the largest uprisings occurred in 1739, when more than 200 slaves managed to destroy several dozen houses, burn most of the crops and kill several planters.

In 1936-1938, American writers, members of the so-called Federal Writing Project, were commissioned by the government to record interviews with former slaves who were by then more than 80 years old. The result was the publication of The Collected Stories of Ex-Slaves, which recounted people’s varied experiences-some were luckier than others.

“They didn’t teach us anything and they didn’t let us learn anything ourselves. If they saw us learning to read and write, they cut off our hands. They wouldn’t let us go to church either. Sometimes we would run away and pray together in an old house with an earthen floor. There we would rejoice and shout, and no one could hear us, because the earthen floor was muffled, and one man stood in the doorway. We were not allowed to visit anyone, and I saw Jim Dawson, Iverson Dawson’s father, tied to four stakes. They put him on his stomach and stretched his arms out to his sides, and they tied one arm to one stake and the other to another. His legs were also stretched out to the sides and tied to the stakes. And then they started beating them with a board, the kind they put on the roof. The niggers then came there at night and carried him home on a sheet, but he didn’t die. They accused him of going to a neighboring plantation at night. At nine o’clock we all had to be at home. The older man would come in and yell: “Stand down! Stand down! Everybody go home and lock your doors!” And if anyone didn’t go, they’d beat him,” says 91-year-old George Young (Livingston, Alabama).

And here’s a recollection by Niecy Pugh (85, Mobile, Alabama): “Life for Negroes back then was happy. I sometimes wish I could go back there. Like now I see that glacier of butter and milk and cream. I can see the brook bubbling over the rocks and the willows above it. I can hear the turkeys cackling in the yard, and the chickens running and swimming in the dust. I see the creek next to our house and the cows coming to drink and cool their feet in the shallow water. I was born into slavery, but I was never a slave. I worked for good people. Is that called slavery, white gentlemen?”

It wouldn’t be another decade until 1964-1968 when African Americans would officially have rights and freedoms on an equal footing with white people.

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In April 1861 a civil war broke out in the United States. President Abraham Lincoln, who came to power, started it against the 11 rebellious southern states that did not recognize him and declared secession from the United States. The key issue of this war was slavery. The industrial and migrant North demanded its abolition. The agricultural and slave-labeling South was against it.

The war lasted until 1865, with over 600,000 deaths on both sides. That’s more than in any other war involving the United States. The North won, slavery was abolished by amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

But the abolition of slavery did not make white and black citizens equal. In the South, blacks were persecuted by Ku Klux Klan racists. In the late nineteenth century, segregation laws appeared there. They were collectively called “Jim Crow laws,” the name of a comic character whose face was painted with charcoal. African Americans and whites lived in different neighborhoods, rode in different train cars, and interracial marriages were impossible. The illiterate, that is, almost all African Americans, were disenfranchised by law.

In the cities of the North, blacks settled in ghettos, where the standard of living was far worse than in white neighborhoods.
Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery, and the struggle for equal rights has continued in the United States for over 150 years

The first mass clashes between the two racial groups occurred in 1919 in Chicago and in 1921 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was nothing like the riots going on in the U.S. today: in both cases, whites banded together and attacked African-Americans with no police intervention.

We explain quickly, simply, and clearly what happened, why it matters, and what happens next.

Now there is some distorted view of this war. According to it, the South was home to the wonderful gentlemen from Gone with the Wind, just the ideal of a white Anglophile civilization. Somewhere in the background there were glimpses of black people who, of course, were not equal to whites, but who were treated very well. And so into this idyll the ordinary workers from the North, led by Lincoln, intervened.

This interpretation is believed primarily by Southern Americans themselves. But many of our compatriots also like this version of events.

After the war, blacks were given land and it was unthinkable for their former masters. In the southern states, they responded instantly with the creation of the Ku Klux Klan and terror.

In the northern states, the black population moved to the cities. Especially with the outbreak of World War I, when white guys went off to fight and their laboring hands had to be replaced. (Segregation prevented whites and blacks from serving together; about 370,000 black soldiers out of 4 million draftees participated in World War I from the United States – BBC).

In cities like Detroit, Philadelphia, Chicago, Minneapolis, black neighborhoods and just ghettos sprang up, they still exist today. And it was there that the first pogroms took place.

After World War II, the white population left the city centers. Some raised their standard of living, bought cars and moved to the suburbs, while others fled as the ethnic makeup and order in their neighborhoods began to change dramatically.

This situation continued until the 1960s, when a new explosion occurred.

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The post Slavery and Segregation appeared first on AA-Historics Itesva.

Beginning in the fifteenth century, the territory of the present-day United States of America was actually owned by Europe. The main colonizing countries were Portugal, France, Spain, and the British Empire. And it would be more than a century before the situation fundamentally changed and the mainland gained its independence.

In the seventeenth century the main activity in the south of North America was agriculture, which required many hardy workers. Even then the slavery of white men, or, as they were called at the time, contracted men, which included mostly the English and Irish poor, the ruined peasants and artisans, was actively practiced. However, this was not enough.

In the middle of the century, Europeans were just beginning to venture into Africa and use their technical superiority to captivate people for further sale. A special agency was set up to collect future slaves and trade with them. Over time, the organization expanded across the continent. Among its “partners” were local chiefs who sold either their own tribesmen or members of neighboring, “hostile” groups.

The captured men were tied up in pairs and led through the forests to the coast. There, buyers were already waiting for them. To check the condition of the slaves, the captains made them move their fingers, arms, legs, and entire bodies to make sure no one had any fractures. If teeth were missing, a lower price was given for the slave. Each African was worth about 100 gallons of rum, 100 pounds of gunpowder, or $18 to $20. Women under 25, pregnant or not, were worth the full price, and after 25 they lost a quarter of the value.

The slaves were sent in boats to the ship in groups. On board they were divided into groups: the men were loaded into one compartment, the women into another. The children were left on deck. Slaves were transported on special ships, whose holds could hold more “live goods”. The small sailing ships of that time carried 200, 300 or even 500 slaves during one voyage. And a ship with a displacement of 120 tons carried at least 600 people. As the slave traders themselves said, “a Negro should not take up more room in the hold than in a coffin.

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rak6s3xyNSed

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The post Colonization of America appeared first on AA-Historics Itesva.

In March 1991, Los Angeles resident Rodney King was driving his car while intoxicated. He exceeded the speed limit, the police officers noticed and ordered him to stop. King drove even faster: he was not allowed to meet police officers in that condition. He had been released early from prison for robbery, and another offense would send him back to prison.

The cops caught up with King and he was beaten 55 times with rubber truncheons and tasered twice. A bystander filmed his beating – and took the tape to television.

After the acquittal of the police officer in the Rodney King beating case, a real war broke out in Los Angeles

On April 29, 1992, a jury found the police’s actions lawful – and the greatest racially motivated riots of the twentieth century began in the United States. Sixty-three people were killed and some 5,500 buildings were destroyed. The Los Angeles International Airport stopped its work because the city could not be seen from the air – there was so much smoke over it.

The damage from the riots was $1 billion. The LAPD considers the episode one of the darkest in its history. After it, civil and human rights organizations gained access for the first time to control the actions of law enforcement. The police officers who beat King were found guilty the second time.

Rodney King appeared before protesters and uttered a phrase that is still quoted today: “Why can’t we [blacks and whites] just get along?” He received $3.8 million in compensation from the Los Angeles Police Department, but continued to commit misdemeanors. He spent some of the money he received to fight drug addiction.

King died in June 2012. His daughter Laura created a charitable foundation that runs social programs and pays educational scholarships to young African-Americans.

There are neighborhoods in major U.S. cities where there aren’t even any McDonald’s – why open one if they are bound to be looted. There is poverty, there is crime, there is drug dealing.

The Rodney King case can be considered an illustration of the processes that began in the late 1960s. A policeman used to be king and god, especially when he went into a black neighborhood. Then that changed, with the emergence, for example, of the Black Panthers, radicals who responded to police terror with their own terror.

At the grassroots level, there was no difference between black rights activists and criminals in those years. They could be ideological guys, and in their spare time they could sell drugs. Territorial redistribution and gang warfare were the norm.

Confrontations with the police were inevitable, and here too you have to understand: people who patrol poor and dangerous neighborhoods at the risk of their lives are also, by definition, risky guys. Corruption and sadism were the norm among them. But these police were flesh and blood of the society they were protecting.

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rak6s3xyNSed

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The post Bandits and human rights activists appeared first on AA-Historics Itesva.